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EHA2025 慢性髓系白血病深度分子反应患者在无治疗缓解的情况下停用抗酪氨酸激酶的后续研究

发布日期:2025-06-22 10:39:07   浏览量:2

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EHA2025 慢性髓系白血病深度分子反应患者在无治疗缓解的情况下停用抗酪氨酸激酶的后续研究


慢性髓系白血病深度分子反应患者在无治疗缓解的情况下停用抗酪氨酸激酶的后续研究


Session title: Chronic myeloid leukemia - Clinical

分会标题:慢性髓性白血病--临床


Background: 

Treatment-free remission (TFR) has become a major challenge in the management of CML after a deep molecular response (DMR). The desire to achieve a TFR is often motivated by the burden of treatment, its cost and its impact on quality of life; we evaluate the follow-up of TFR in CML patients and their evolution. 

无治疗缓解(TFR)已成为深度分子反应(DMR)后慢性髓系白血病治疗的一大挑战。我们评估了 CML 患者无治疗缓解(TFR)的随访情况及其演变。


Aims: 

This is a cohort of 48 CML patients (pts) (Mbcr/abl),41 on generic Imatinib (IMg),06 on nilotinib and one on dasatinib

这是一组由 48 名 CML 患者(pts)(Mbcr/abl)组成的队列,其中 41 人正在服用普通伊马替尼(IMg),06 人正在服用尼洛替尼,1 人正在服用达沙替尼。


Methods:

follow-up by automated PCR, every 2 to 3 months in the 1st year, then 3 to 6 months and resumption of TKI if bcr/abl transcript > 0.1%. Pts on IMg: median age at diagnosis 39 years (9 - 62) including 4 children and 37 adults, at discontinuation 49 years (18-73),15M/26W;according to Sokal: 14 pts low-risk,15pts intermediate-risk and 12pts high-risk and according to ELTS:19 pts low-risk,12pts intermediate-risk and 10pts high-risk,all in chronic phase,and having received IMg at a dose of 400 mg/day, since June 2007and the last December 2019. DMR was completed at a mean of 70 months,3pts (8%) in MMR4 and 37pts (90%) in MMR4.5, with a median follow-up of 9 years (2-14 years).4under nilotinib 800mg/d as second-line therapy for intolerance: aged 35, 50 and 75 years, at discontinuation aged 44, 55 and79 years 1H/ 3F, high-risk, in MMR4. 5, duration of nilotinib 6 and 7 years;2 first-line patients, aged 35 and 40, low-risk, MMR4.5, treated for 5 and 2 years, one on dasatinib 2nd line for improvement in MMR: aged 39 at discontinuation,an intermediate sokal, MMR4.5 confirmed for 6 years.

通过自动 PCR 进行随访,第一年每 2 到 3 个月随访一次,之后每 3 到 6 个月随访一次,如果 bcr/abl 转录本 > 0.1%,则恢复使用 TKI。使用 IMg 的患者:诊断时的中位年龄为 39 岁(9 - 62 岁),包括 4 名儿童和 37 名成人;停药时的中位年龄为 49 岁(18 - 73 岁),15 名男性/26 名女性;根据 Sokal 标准,14 名患者为低危,15 名患者为中危:自 2007 年 6 月至 2019 年 12 月,所有患者均处于慢性期,接受过 IMg 治疗,剂量为 400 毫克/天,其中低危患者 14 人,中危患者 15 人,高危患者 12 人;根据 ELTS:低危患者 19 人,中危患者 12 人,高危患者 10 人。DMR 平均完成时间为 70 个月,MMR4 为 3 人(8%),MMR4.5 为 37 人(90%),中位随访时间为 9 年(2-14 年)。4、尼洛替尼 800mg/d 作为不耐受的二线治疗:年龄分别为 35、50 和 75 岁,停药时年龄分别为 44、55 和 79 岁,MMR4.5 为 1H/3F,高风险。5,尼洛替尼疗程分别为 6 年和 7 年;2 名一线患者,年龄分别为 35 岁和 40 岁,低危,MMR4.5,疗程分别为 5 年和 2 年,1 名患者因 MMR 改善而接受达沙替尼二线治疗:停药时年龄为 39 岁,中危,MMR4.5,确诊疗程为 6 年。


Results:

RHC was maintained in all patients, while DMR and MMR were lost in 18 patients (37.5%), 15 under IMg (36.5%), 2 under nilotinib and one under dasatinib. Most patients lost their MMR within the first 6 months, and one at 60 months. The TFR rate for TKIs was 62.5% (30pts), 63.4% for IMg (26pts) with a median of 29 months (8,62); 4pts for nilotinib with a median of 15 months (3,24); 11pts on IMg in TFR are at more than 60 months and 8 pts at more than 36 months, with transcript fluctuations of ( 0.01% - 0055% - 0.0014 %); 31% ( 15pts) presented a with drawal syndrome in the first month of TKI discontinuation, resumption of IMg even at a dose of 200 mg/d,dasatinib at 50 mg /d and nilotinib at 400 mg/d enabled reobtainment of DMR at 3 months.

所有患者都保持了 RHC,但有 18 名患者(37.5%)失去了 DMR 和 MMR,其中 15 人服用 IMg(36.5%),2 人服用尼洛替尼,1 人服用达沙替尼。大多数患者在最初 6 个月内丧失了 MMR,1 名患者在 60 个月内丧失了 MMR。TKIs 的 TFR 率为 62.5%(30 人),IMg 的 TFR 率为 63.4%(26 人),中位数为 29 个月(8,62);尼洛替尼的 TFR 率为 4 人,中位数为 15 个月(3,24);服用 IMg 的 TFR 率有 11 人超过 60 个月,8 人超过 36 个月,中位数波动为(0.01%-0055%-0.0014%);31%的患者(15 人)在停用 TKI 的第一个月出现了抽血综合征,恢复使用 IMg 后,即使剂量为 200 毫克/天、达沙替尼剂量为 50 毫克/天和尼洛替尼剂量为 400 毫克/天,也能在 3 个月后重新获得 DMR。


Summary/Conclusion: 

The TFR rate was 62.5% on TKIs, with 11/30 pts (36.6%) more than 60 months away from TFR; transcript fluctuations were observed in all pts, with no loss of MMR. Analysis of relapses in the 17 pts reveals that the duration of IMg in our patients averaged 9 years (6-12 years), with no difference from patients who maintained TFR, which was 8.7 years (6-13). Sokal and ELTS scores had no influence on TFR, compliance, duration and depth of MMR being the likely factors for discontinuation.

使用 TKIs 的 TFR 率为 62.5%,其中 11/30 例患者(36.6%)距离 TFR 超过 60 个月;在所有患者中均观察到转录本波动,没有 MMR 丢失。对 17 例患者复发情况的分析表明,我们患者的 IMg 持续时间平均为 9 年(6-12 年),与维持 TFR 的患者没有差异,后者为 8.7 年(6-13 年)。Sokal 和 ELTS 评分对 TFR 没有影响,依从性、MMR 持续时间和深度可能是导致停药的因素。


There have been many studies of TKI discontinuation, with similar results for TFR. The analysis of prognostic factors for good TFR has yet to be determined for the selection of eligible patients. Discontinuation with a view to conception once DMR has been obtained has made it possible to authorize multiple TKI discontinuations, and resumption of the TKI at a reduced dose on loss of RST has made it possible to re-obtain DMR; hence, attempting a 2nd TKI discontinuation in these patients is possible.   

关于 TKI 停药的研究很多,TFR 的结果也类似。对良好 TFR 的预后因素的分析尚待确定,以便选择符合条件的患者。一旦获得 DMR,就可以考虑停药,这样就有可能批准多次停用 TKI,而在失去 RST 时以较小的剂量恢复使用 TKI,就有可能重新获得 DMR;因此,在这些患者中尝试第二次停用 TKI 是可能的。




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